低級繪圖套件 package - graphics
## 產生出各種線條的line圖
x = seq(1,6)
y = x
## 設定所有圖的layout，mfrow = c(列,欄)
types = c("p","l","o","b","c","s","h","n")
for(i in 1:length(types)){
title = paste("type:",types[i])
plot(x,y,type ="n", main = title)
lines(x,y,type = types[i])
}
## 只有一組變數
x = seq(1,6)
y = x
## 設定所有圖的layout，mfrow = c(列,欄)
par(mfrow = c(2,4))
types = c("p","l","o","b","c","s","h","n")
for(i in 1 : length(types)){
title = paste("type:",types)
plot(x,y,type = types[i], main = title[i])
}
par(mfrow = c(2,2))
for(i in 1 : length(types)){
title = paste("type:",types)
plot(x,y,type = types[i], main = title[i])
}
BarChat針對類別Qualitative
housePrice = read.csv("riii-master/data/house-prices.csv", header = TRUE)
bedrooms = housePrice$Bedrooms
bedroomsTable = table(bedrooms)
barplot(bedroomsTable, main = "Bedroom Type Calulate", xlab = "bedroom type", ylab = "count")
Histogram 針對區間，觀察分佈狀況(連續分佈)
## break有幾個區間，而不是區間間距，但演算法會自動調配區間個數
load(file = "riii-master/Statistics/cdc.Rdata")
View(cdc)
weight = cdc$weight
hist(weight, breaks = 50)
Pie圖
## rainbow參數可以自行上色
housePrice = read.csv(file = "riii-master/data/house-prices.csv", header = TRUE)
bedrooms = housePrice$Bedrooms
bedroomsTable = table(bedrooms)
labels = c("2 unit", "3 unit", "4 unit", "5 unit")
pie(bedroomsTable, labels = labels, col = rainbow(length(labels)), main = "Pie Chart of Bedroom")
Scatter Plot
load("riii-master/Statistics/cdc.Rdata")
plot(cdc$weight,cdc$height)
data(iris)
xlab = names(iris)[1]
ylab = names(iris)[3]
x = iris[,1]
y = iris[,3]
plot(x,y,xlab = xlab, ylab = ylab, col = ifelse(iris[,3]>median(iris[,3]),"red","blue"))
data(iris)
xlab = names(iris)[1]
ylab = names(iris)[3]
x = iris[,1]
y = iris[,3]
plot(x, y, xlab=xlab, ylab=ylab,type="n")
setosa = which(iris$Species=="setosa")
versicolor = which(iris$Species=="versicolor")
points(iris[setosa,1],iris[setosa,3],col="green")
points(iris[versicolor ,1],iris[versicolor,3],col="red")
Linear Regression
plot(cdc$weight, cdc$wtdesire, xlab="weigth",ylab="weight desire", main="Scatter of Weight")
abline(lm(cdc$weight~cdc $wtdesire),col="red")
Mosaic Chat 顯示類別資料
smokers_gender = table(cdc$gender, cdc$smoke100)
colnames(smokers_gender) = c("no","yes")
mosaicplot(smokers_gender,col=rainbow(length(colnames(smokers_gender))))
Box Chart
boxplot(cdc$height, ylab="Height",
main="Box Plot of Height")
boxplot(cdc$height ~ cdc$gender ,ylab="Height",xlab="Gender",main="Height vs Gender")
Steam 經驗圖
height = c(150, 155, 160, 162, 168, 171, 173, 175, 178, 182, 185)
stem(height)
##
## The decimal point is 1 digit(s) to the right of the |
##
## 15 | 05
## 16 | 028
## 17 | 1358
## 18 | 25
全局圖形設定函數 : par()
showLayout = function(n){
for(i in 1:n){
plot(1, type = "n", xaxt = "n",yaxt = "n",xlab = "",ylab = "")
text(1,1,label = i,cex = 10)
}
}
## margin邊界，mfrow先填滿row，mfcol先填滿col
par(mar=c(1,1,1,1), mfrow = c(3,2))
showLayout(6)
par(mar=c(2,2,2,2), mfrow = c(3,2))
showLayout(6)
par(mar=c(3,3,3,3), mfcol = c(3,2))
showLayout(6)
layout函數 - 不規則畫布
par(mar=c(1,1,1,1))
mat1 = matrix(c(1,1,2,3),2,2,byrow=TRUE)
layout(mat1)
mat1
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 1 1
## [2,] 2 3
showLayout(3)
par(mar=c(1,1,1,1))
mat1 = matrix(c(1,1,2,3),2,2,byrow=TRUE)
layout(mat1,widths=c(4,1))
mat1
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 1 1
## [2,] 2 3
showLayout(3)
par(mar=c(1,1,1,1))
mat1 = matrix(c(1,1,2,3),2,2,byrow=TRUE)
layout(mat1,heights=c(3,1))
mat1
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 1 1
## [2,] 2 3
showLayout(3)
par(mar=c(1,1,1,1))
mat1 = matrix(c(1,0,2,3),2,2,byrow=TRUE)
layout(mat1, widths=c(2,1),heights=c(3,1))
mat1
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 1 0
## [2,] 2 3
showLayout(3)
par(mar=c(1,1,1,1))
mat1 = matrix(c(1,0,2,3),2,2,byrow=TRUE)
layout(mat1, widths=c(2,1),heights=c(3,1))
mat1
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 1 0
## [2,] 2 3
showLayout(3)
HomeWork
par(mar=c(1,1,1,1))
mat1 = matrix(c(0,1,0,2,3,4,0,5,0),3,3,byrow=TRUE)
layout(mat1)
mat1
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 0 1 0
## [2,] 2 3 4
## [3,] 0 5 0
showLayout(5)
高級繪圖套件 plotly
Area chat (type = “pie”)
library(plotly)
## Warning: package 'plotly' was built under R version 3.2.5
## Loading required package: ggplot2
##
## Attaching package: 'plotly'
## The following object is masked from 'package:ggplot2':
##
## last_plot
## The following object is masked from 'package:graphics':
##
## layout
ds <- data.frame(labels = c("A", "B", "C"),
values = c(10, 20, 30))
plot_ly(ds, labels = labels, values = values, type = "pie", hole=0.6) %>% layout(title = "Donut Chart Example")
AreaChat
# fill="tozeroy" => to zero y 從y開始填滿
library(plotly)
month<- c(1,2,3,4,5)
taipei<- c(92.5,132.6,168.8,159.1,218.7)
tainan <- c(21.2, 30.6, 37.3, 84.6, 184.3)
y <- list(title="Rainfall")
plot_ly(x = month, y = taipei, fill = "tozeroy", name="taipei") %>% add_trace(x = month, y = tainan, fill = "tozeroy",name="tainan") %>% layout(yaxis = y)
# 加總
library(plotly)
month<- c(1,2,3,4,5)
taipei<- c(92.5,132.6,168.8,159.1,218.7)
tainan <- c(21.2, 30.6, 37.3, 84.6, 184.3)
total <- taipei + tainan
y <- list(title="Rainfall")
plot_ly(x = month, y = taipei, fill = "tozeroy", name="taipei") %>% add_trace(x = month, y = total, fill = "tonexty", name="tainan") %>% layout(yaxis = y)
Bubble Chart ：與Scatter Chat多了第三維 mode = markers
# sample(nrow(diamonds),1000)產生亂數
library(plotly)
d <- diamonds[sample(nrow(diamonds),1000), ]
plot_ly(d, x = carat, y = price, text = paste("Clarity:", clarity),
mode = "markers", color = clarity, size = carat)
Heat Map mode = heatmap
plot_ly(z = volcano, colorscale = "Hot", type = "heatmap")
m <- matrix(rnorm(9), nrow = 3, ncol = 3)
plot_ly(z = m,
x = c("a", "b", "c"), y = c("d", "e", "f"), type = "heatmap")
Heat Map 畫地圖 mode = choropleth
subplot()
p <- subplot(
plot_ly(economics, x = date, y = uempmed), plot_ly(economics, x = date, y = unemploy), margin = 0.05) %>% layout(showlegend = FALSE)